Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Information Management - Essay Example Subsequently, contemporary KM hypotheses can generally be grouped into three significant classifications: 1. Innovation centered: essential spotlight on the upgrade of advancements that encourage sharing/development of information. 2. Hierarchical: structuring and reshaping the authoritative condition in a manner to encourage information forms. 3. Natural: center around the connection procedure inside the authoritative condition including individuals, information and ecological components (Gordon and Edge, 1997). A comparative categorisation of the KM approaches is proposed in maybe the main conventional scientific classification of KM cutting-edge. Michael Earl (2001) put together his exploration with respect to exhaustive experimental information to distinguish three significant schools of KM: Technocratic: accentuation on data or advancements of KM. Monetary: information ought to be overseen correspondingly to different resources (for example stock, bonds, and so forth). Conduct: center around information trade as an in a general sense social procedure (p. 224). Be that as it may, current models and hypotheses of models are frequently hard to fit in this scientific categorization because of their integrative nature which includes components of each school. The underneath outline gives some key ideas and hypotheses related with successful KM framework. Principle Body One well known KM approach broadly utilized nowadays is a purported 'realistic administration'. Despite the fact that it isn't characterized in the Earl's old style scientific categorization logical administration is as of late getting progressively famous, particularly in the little to center associations. This methodology appears to be fairly near Earl's conduct worldview that sees information the executives and information trade as generally social procedures. The fundamental contrast of this worldview lies in the way that it doesn't infer genuine interests in the representatives and their inside and out... this paper portrays the fundamental thought of information the executives which is general †doing what is expected to capitalize on information assets †its functional usage may differ in every specific case. The varieties are not very genuine and generally concern the portion of consideration paid to either innovative or human part of KM while the key standards stay comparative in the advanced models of KM: unequivocal and implied information, intelligent nature of KM forms, expanded consideration psychological and inspirational parts of KM. Along these lines, the distinctions in KM frameworks executed are for the most part connected with various hierarchical structures and requests of the organizations. In spite of the fact that the provokes identified with structuring/execution of successful KM technique are not kidding the training keeps on exhibiting that they are not convincing. The most fundamental of these difficulties are recognized in the expert writing just as the elective ways and apparatuses to adapt to them. Tu summarize this paper supports that the central point adding to the disappointments of information the board techniques are profoundly alterable worldwide condition, combined with inability to adopt an all encompassing strategy to structuring the arrangement of information the executives, and generous assets required to plan and actualize a genuinely powerful KM program. Obviously, the first of these downsides has gotten better acknowledgments from the scholars whom create KM models, projects, and methodologies for present day associations.

Border Wall †An Issue to Solve

Outskirt Wall †An Issue to Solve Free Online Research Papers Out of the ceaseless rundown of issues between the United States and Mexico, illicit migration into the United States is the most significant. In the event that Mexico is the would help its residents by opening new position openings there would be less individuals coming to the United States wrongfully. The Border Wall isn't the best answer for prevent Mexicans from going to the United States wrongfully; it would likely urge more Mexicans to attempt to cross the Wall just to demonstrate to the United States that Mexicans can in any case move to the United States. Having a physical boundary between the United States and Mexico is repetitive. The Wall will isolate two nations that have been similar to sisters for a considerable length of time. I don't have faith in the development of the Wall since it will be a misuse of cash and beside that, Mexicans work like donkeys in return for not exactly the lowest pay permitted by law, something that an individual who is terminated from an eight-dollar an hour employment will do. In the event that the United States would help Mexico as opposed to battling it, things would be vastly improved for the two nations. In the Valley, numerous Mexicans work for not exactly the lowest pay permitted by law in houses and downtown stores. This has been accomplished for a considerable length of time. Why? Since residents won't carry out that responsibility, yet at the same time say that Mexicans have gone to the United States to take there employments from them. The U.S can help Mexico by making ventures and processing plants in Mexico. By doing this, the United States makes modest work and aides U.S and Mexico’s economy; it will likewise lessen the unlawful migration into the United States. Another approach to help explain migration issues in the valley would be by giving working licenses to Mexicans who need to work in the United States. For those Mexicans who are allowed authorization to work in the United States, duties ought to be charged as though they were residents. This will likewise support our economy and Mexico’s. Obviously, some wellbeing systems like historical verifications ought to be done so as to allow the working licenses. The United States would comprehend migration issues not by building the Wall, yet by making more openings for work in the United States and Mexico and charging expenses to the individuals who choose to work in the United States. Research Papers on Border Wall - An Issue to SolveThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL investigation of IndiaAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAWBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and Canada

Should You Really Be Preparing for iELTS Exams Using IELTS Essay Topics Samples?

Should You Really Be Preparing for iELTS Exams Using IELTS Essay Topics Samples?What you can expect from the iELTS essay topics samples can vary based on the type of study materials that you use. Although the iELTS course has a lot of high level information to help you learn how to speak properly, it does not necessarily mean that the information you are learning will transfer over to the real world.For one thing, the types of sentences and language practice that you find in the curriculum are meant to teach you how to know what is acceptable and not acceptable. Even so, in many situations you will be the one who decides what is acceptable and unacceptable.The important aspects of this involve cultural awareness and acceptance. In the real world there are not always boundaries to what is acceptable behavior, so you need to be prepared for that. It is this reason that the iELTS essay topics samples are not always a complete substitute for learning how to communicate with others in the real world.That being said, it should be noted that the iELTS subject test will be evaluated at a certain level, and even though the sample questions you will find will do a good job of preparing you for that evaluation, it may not be sufficient. After all, it will not be possible to ask all of the questions in a set of essay topics samples. Some questions will be too difficult or too easy to assess.The point is, if you are going to take the exam, you should find some open book to work from, so that you will be prepared for it. You may be able to get a good idea of what questions will be asked through online discussions in forums or discussion boards. This way you will get an idea of what questions the examiner will ask.Another thing to keep in mind is that even though the topics may be relevant, they are still just essays sample. They are only intended to give you an idea of how to set up and structure your own essay. Therefore, you should not expect them to make up for a lack of practice time, or preparedness.If you do end up taking the iELTS exam and then fail, it is best to start over at the beginning, so to speak. With a little time and effort, you will get better and be prepared for it.You should also remember that while the iELTS study materials will prepare you for the iELTS, you should still be making sure that you do enough practice. No amount of knowledge and practice is going to compensate for poor preparation. In other words, you have to really try to be ready for the iELTS exam.

Bill Gate The World s Largest Software Business

My chosen entrepreneur is Bill Gate, a man that has succeeded in his first years of entrepreneurial although he faced major challenges. He is the founder of the world’s largest software business, Microsoft, with his friend Paul Allen. Bill Gate became the richest men in the world since 1995 and remains in the top since then. He is also the founder of one of the largest charitable foundation, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill gate was born to a middle class family on October 28, 1955, In Seattle, Washington. He was very interested in computer programming since the age of 13 while he was in high school, The Lakeside School. In College, Gate pursued his passion and love to programming. Something that I always loved to learn was programming and software developing. However, there was little available course in the college I went to and I had no option to look for more knowledge in software (Biography , 2016). Bell is described in many sites that he is a good and voracious reader since his childhood. He was spending many hours pouring over reference books such the encyclopedia. Although Bill was doing good in school, his parents worried he might became a loner. Therefore, he was enrolled at Seattle’s Lakeside schools. In Lakeside School Bill met his friend and business partner Paul Allen. They spend much of their time together working on programs. Gate and Paul developed a software for a company that monitored traffic in Seattle. The company paid them for theirShow MoreRelatedBill Gates : The World s Prime Software Business1606 Words   |  7 PagesHenry Gates; who is well known as Bill Gates was born on 28th of Oct, 1955, in Washington. In age of 13 Gates started showing curiosity in computer programming when he was at Lakeside school and pursued his passion through college. Striking out on his own with his friend and business partner Paul Allen, Gates found himself at the right p lace at the right time. Through technological modernization, strong business strategy and aggressive business tactics, he built the world s prime software businessRead MoreBill Gates Leadership Quality1470 Words   |  6 Pages[pic] Bill Gates Early life, Personal life and Education: Bill Gates is one of the most influential people in the world. He is cofounder of one of the most recognized brands in the computer industry with nearly every desk top computer using at least one software program from Microsoft. According to the Forbes magazine, Bill Gates is the richest man in the world and has held the number one position for many years. Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. GatesRead MorePhl/458 Famous Thinkers Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesPHL/458 October 8, 2012 Famous Thinkers While thinking of computer software, you begin to think of Microsoft. In fact if you use a computer, chances are that you will have some type of program on there that is developed by Microsoft. Bill Gates is the chairman and co-founder of Microsoft Corporation, the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential. When it comes to discounted variety stores there are not many stores thatRead MoreBill Gates: The Real Most Interesting Man in the World766 Words   |  3 Pagesthan William Henry â€Å"Bill† Gates III (Khan, â€Å"Gates, Bill 1955-â€Å"). Gates, a prosperous entrepreneur and technology mogul, has demonstrated both practical and IQ intelligence through both his experiences and successes in life. Gates’ upbringing and childhood accomplishments along with his professional achievements and fierce personality all contribute to his outlier status in American society. Gates, born in 1955, was one of three children of William Henry Gates II and Mary Gates. Due to his fatherRead MoreBill Gates : An Accomplishment1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdollars. Bill Gates became one of the most wealthy, successful men in the world through his determination, his outstanding ideas, and being an consistent entrepreneur. He developed those qualities from his childhood and background, his present projects, and future plans he has with his fortune. Bill Gates has become co-founder of microsoft and has built the largest privately owned foundation in the world. Not many people in this world can say that they have accomplished what Bill Gates has in 60Read MoreLeadership Styles : Leadership Style780 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Leadership style is designed according to a pioneer s behaviors, which is enveloped under behaviorist theory. Inside of this class, distinctive examples of leadership behavior are watched and classified as leadership styles. Practicing managers have a tendency to be the most keen on looking into this specific theory in light of the fact that with it leaders can modify their style taking into account the convictions, values, inclinations and society of the association they work for.Read MoreBill Gates1393 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates and His Computer Empire Just past 9 PM on October 28, 1955, the man who would revolutionize the computer industry as we know it, was born. The son of Bill Jr. and Mary Gates was named William Henry Gates III. The computer super-genius was soon to take his place in history. Within the last fifteen years the company that he and Paul Allan started, Microsoft, has become the largest software corporation in the computer industry. What is Bill Gates background, and how did he preserve hisRead MoreEssay on Microsoft Manages Legal and Ethical Issues1148 Words   |  5 PagesManages Legal and Ethical Issues S. Nevarez Olympic College OLRM 202: Introduction to Organizational Ethics Microsoft is the global leader in computer software, and well recognized in the field of corporate social responsibility and philanthropy. However, since 1990 the computing giant has been plagued by allegations of antitrust violations and monopolistic, non-competitive business practices. By answering the three questions posed in Part 5, Case 7 of Business Ethics: Ethical Decision MakingRead MoreBill Gates and Tim Berners-Lee: Their Contributions to Information Technology and the IT Industry1671 Words   |  7 PagesBill Gates and Tim Berners-Lee: Their Contributions to Information Technology and the IT Industry Nowadays, information technology is playing a significant role in human’s life. Actually, it has only been developing for several decades. In fact, there are two key men who contribute greatly for this process. They are Bill Gates and Tim Berners-Lee. This essay will explain their contribution to IT and its industry and discuss it in several aspects. There remain several differences betweenRead MoreEssay on Globally Successful Entrepreneurs986 Words   |  4 PagesMark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Jerry Yang, Walt Disney and so on. These were all the names often heard by us and often been a subject or topic discussed by everyone no matter in school or in the work place as a motivation to each other. They are a few examples of globally successful entrepreneurs. Their products are well known and useful. For example, Mark Zuckerberg created Facebook, Steve Jobs created Apple products, Bill Gates created Microsoft and so on. Their products were used widely

Graduation Speech Essay - 530 Words

It amazes me that we are finally here! Throughout the years, I have often thought about this moment. How it would feel to be with all of you, in our caps and gowns, finally graduating. I remember as a child, thinking about what I would look like when I was all grown up, how I would act, who I would love and what kind of person I would become. And now here it all is, were ready, were done with high school, and I couldnt be more thrilled or scared! We go through this twelve-year metamorphosis, and then one day, we wake up and its over, our ascent into adulthood has come. Were ready to face all that life has to throw at us, to make a life for ourselves, outside of school and childhood, to go to college, take a year off or get a job. Yet†¦show more content†¦I remember when I was in kindergarten, thinking that the first graders were so old, finally making it to my first grade class, and going home crying on the first day of school, having thought that I would learn to read that day. We have all these hopes and dreams as to what school and in turn life will be like. We didnt know what first grade was going to be like, just as we dont know how our years ahead will be. Last fall, I wrote in an article for our newspaper that senior year had been a let down: that there had been a lot of disappointments, and that it had not lived up to what I had expected. Now I say that senior year has been exactly what it should have been: a mixture of good and bad times, all coming together to create a year of great variation, each moment being different and changing. Each moment being fleeting. Weve had so many firsts. First dances, first dates, first kisses, first concerts and our first car. I think about all the times that I have had with my friends, playing tennis, going to movies, dressing up for spirit days, getting lost going to concerts, basketball games. And yet in all of the good times, I find that I, like most of you are desperately ready to graduate. We are ready to go out and make a life outside of high school. We, are ready for change. As easy as it is to retreat into memories of our high school past, of childhood fun, and new experiences, we need to embrace change. Embrace adulthood, allow ourselvesShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : My Graduation Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pages My Graduation A Graduation ceremony is one of the major steps in life, it marks the start of new changes in our lives. It ushers us into growing up and be responsible for our actions. It marks a new dawn of embracing life experiences, cultivation of good work ethics and eventually culminates in chasing our dreams. On my graduation day, I woke up to the sweet aroma of the breakfast my sister was making. I sat down to eat when the food was ready. It took me about 2 hours to finishRead MoreGraduation Speech1128 Words   |  5 PagesSasenarine Tomby Graduation Speech 2011 Good afternoon [name of members of the head table], teachers, parents, students, fellow graduates and distinguished guests. I must first and foremost thank God for this blessing and honor to stand before you today as Valedictorian of the Class of 2011. Yet, today is not only my day to shine. Every graduate present here is deserving of high praise and recognition and I would like to congratulate each of you on reaching this milestone in life. IRead MoreGraduation Speech650 Words   |  3 PagesCongratulations everyone, congratulations. If youre participating in this graduation ceremony, youve taken the next step toward your future goals and dreams. For those of you that just finished your transfer degrees, congratulations. To those of you that came back to school after a few years off to get a better education, congratulations. To those of you that came to get a certificate or learn IT or computer programming so you can get a better job, congratulations. Now that youre moving onRead More Graduation Speech Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesLadies, gentlemen, parents, friends, family, staff, fellow students: Instead of taking up more time and reading my speech, it is available to you at http://www.olen’s_speech.com. Thank you. No, just kidding. But seriously folks... Today we are gathered here to celebrate our graduation from 12 long years of schooling. The education granted to us has been a privilege. One so graciously given to us by the citizens of our state, by our community, and by our parents. Today would not beRead More Graduation Speech Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesyou might ever sit through. Most of us, though, and I regret that I am in this group, will sit through many more ceremonies -- ceremonies longer and more tedious that this or anything else you can imagine. If you think this is bad, try a college graduation. Think, that is, attend a wedding. And, if just for a moment you think that that is bad, just be thankful you have never attended or will attend a Bar Mitzvah. The only ceremony I think anybody would truly enjoy attending is a funeral. But, onlyRead MoreEssay on Graduation Speech830 Words   |  4 Pagesthe senior class president. A few weeks ago, I was told that I would be speaking at graduation. I was asked to put together a speech for tonight -- Ive become experienced at speech writing over the past couple of weeks. The speech that you are hearing is the fourth one Ive written, the recycle bin needs to be emptied at home and I need a new highlighter. Thank you, Mr. Mier, you get an A+ for your help as my speech teacher but an F for saving trees. Tonight Id like to talk to three groupsRead MoreAn Example of a Graduation Speech653 Words   |  3 Pageswriting papers, doing homework, taking an occasional pop quiz, and of course taking countless exams, it is that time that we all anticipate†¦Graduation! Purpose Statement: Since the majority of us are seniors, and graduation is a little less than a month away, I am going to provide you with some historical background information and some fun facts about graduation in order to make the occasion even more meaningful than it already is. Road Map: Most of you could probably agree that high school wasRead More Graduation Speech Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy abroad, and with the great help of the Turner family, Ms. Joy Fitzpatrick who is the international student program coordinator, and my parents, I entered America as an international student on March 11, 2001, only one week after my high school graduation in Japan. It seems as though yesterday when I saw my host mom crying at the airport to see me landed to America safely, as if she were welcoming back her own daughter. I still recall the very first class I took. I was so scared and nervous thatRead More Graduation Speech Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesthis graduation speech, several people suggested including a profound quote offering â€Å"encouraging advice to the young graduates†, and then there were others who said, â€Å"eh don’t worry about it, no one listens to those anyway.† Fortunately, I was actually able to take from both suggestions and found a happy balance. You see, I won’t tell you today to: â€Å"Dare to dream† or â€Å"Find your own vision† or even to â€Å"Strive for excellence,† or any trite clichà © that’s ever been said in a graduation speech. SoRead More Graduation Speech Essay560 Words   |  3 PagesWhen they were trying to find someone to give this speech they first asked the most intelligent, smart person they could find. But she turned them down. So then they asked the most beautiful, lovely, attractive person they could find. She also turned them down. Next they asked the nicest, sweetest, kindest, most sincere person they could find. Then I decided it would be rude to turn them down three times in a row, so here I am. How many people here like tomato soup? Come on, raise your hand if

A Portrait of the City of Mumbai Free Essays

City that never sleeps. Iambi, capital of Maharajah’s and financial capital of India, home to Plywood film industry and home to people from all over the country. The local language spoken here is Amaranth but English and Hindi are also spoken fluently. We will write a custom essay sample on A Portrait of the City of Mumbai or any similar topic only for you Order Now So a new visitor will not have much trouble. Temperature varies throughout he year. March- June is summer months with temperature reaching almost degree . June- October monsoon season with rain in full force. November to February is mainly winter months but being a coastal city the winters are mild here and pleasant weather. The Places to see here are the : colonial architecture from the Victorian times , the Gateway of India, the Cathartic Shiva Terminus building, the Hajji all mosque , film city . The famous Tag Mall hotel is located Just opposite the Gateway of India. The Iambi University buildings and the High Court are also excellent examples of colonial architecture in the city. Nehru science center and Nehru planetarium are very good place to visit as they have museum and planetary views shown at both centers Iambi has a few beaches, at Juju, Psychopath, Marvel. In addition to this, Iambi is also known for its own lip-smacking pap abaci, belle purr and kebabs. Iambi is a shopper’s delight with bargain buys, exclusive boutiques, ethnic markets and mini bazaars. The Iambi city also has a flourishing cultural life. Being the seat of the Indian (Hindi) film industry, Iambi stages regular performances in music, dance and drama. The Hindi film industry, also known as Plywood, produces the largest number of films in the world. Iambi caters to the needs of almost all sections through sporting activities, nightclubs, pubs, theaters, beaches, shopping Malls and restaurants. Old and new, rich and poor, classical and modern- Iambi is truly a melting pot! A Portrait of the City of Iambi By Misunderstanding How to cite A Portrait of the City of Mumbai, Papers

The Political Economy of Great Britain

The Political Economy This paper seeks to discuss the political economy of Great Britain. Great Britain is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is ranked number four in Europe in terms of population density. A majority of the inhabitants of Great Britain are English making up 80 per cent of the present population. The remaining percentage is made up of the Scottish, Welsh, and Irish people. Great Britain is part of the G8 meaning that it has a stable economy (Gorton and Schmid 4).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Political Economy of Great Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Great Britain has achieved economic prowess despite the fact that it has to import most of its raw materials. On top of that, Great Britain imports 40 percent of its food supply. The country’s economy relies heavily on the exportation of manufactured goods. The major exports include â€Å"machine tools, auto mobiles, aircraft, electronic and communications equipment, clothing and textiles, and chemicals† (Washington Post Press 1). More than two thirds of the GDP are derived from the services industries which are made up of the banking sector, insurance sector and business services. These sectors have employed close to 70 per cent of all employees in Great Britain. In addition, â€Å"Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy† (Washington Post Press 1). The constitution of Great Britain is a collection of statutes, judicial decisions, usage, and tradition. In Great Britain, sovereignty is vested in parliament. Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the crown. Furthermore, the British system of corporate governance supports the principle of shareholder sovereignty (Anglo Saxon model of capitalism); the returns of the corporations’ stakeholders are given priority (Evans 23). The British company law contains mandatory rules on neither of t hese matters, though it prohibits neither feature and seems sufficiently flexible (Mallin 4). In Great Britain, institutional investors are exceptionally powerful because of the level of their ownership. According to as report produced by the Office of National Statistics in 2005, institutional investors own the majority of the Great Britain equity, with insurance companies such as the Standard Life owning 17 percent of the Great Britain equity by the end of 2004 (Mallin 6). Policy makers argue institutional investors are extremely important in ensuring that corporate governance best practices are followed. This has resulted into a sea of change in the Great Britain’s corporate ownerships. These changes have led to a shift of share ownership from individual ownership to institutional ownership. Office of National Statistics has reported that in 1963, individual investors in the Great Britain owned 53 per cent of shares (Mallin 7). The percentage of individual share ownership has fallen steadily in the last forty years. In 1989, it had fallen to 21 percent. Amazingly, individual share ownership had fallen to 14 percent in 2004.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In contrast, institutional ownership has increased steadily over the past five decades (Mallin 8). Most of the institutions that own shares are large insurance companies and pension funds. The Office of National Statistics has indicated that the percentage of institutional ownership has grown from 10 percent in 1963 to 17 percent in 2004 (Edwards and Banks 67). On top of this, the corporate industry of the Great Britain has realized a dramatic increase in the number of foreign institutional investors (Rahman and Bullock 68). Great Britain and the Economic Recession Like other European nations, Great Britain was significantly affected by the global financial crisis. Great Britain started fee ling the heat of global recession in January 2009. The Office of National Statistics announced that the GDP had fallen by 1.5 per cent during the final quarter of the financial year of 2008 (Brown 1). In the first quarter of 2009, the GPD fell by 2.4 percent, and by June 2009, Great Britain’s economy was 5.5 per cent below its peak (Brown 1). The recession that occurred in Great Britain was as a result of the larger global financial crisis that began in August 2007. The most hit sector of the economy was the banking sector. Banks accumulated huge debts having invested earlier in assets that later turned out to be unsafe, illiquid and worthless (Vaitilingam 5). As a result, domestic and foreign investors withdraw their capital. The housing sector was the other hardest hit sector of the economy. The economic crisis led to a significant drop in the prices of houses in Great Britain. As a result, potential sellers withdraw their houses from the market (Vaitilingam 5). In addition , the employment sector suffered a huge blow. By the end of 2009, 573,000 jobs had been lost representing the highest number of job losses since 1971(Brown 1). Great Britain and the EU The European Union is made up of 27 European nations, which share political and economic privileges. The EU has various supranational independent institutions, which form a link between the cooperating nations. These institutions offer a channel through which intergovernmental decisions are met. The European Commission and the council of the European Union are the chief institutions of the EU. Others include the European central bank, the European council and the European parliament. In addition, the court of Justice of the European Union is a key legal institution of the EU. The Europe parliament is involved in the formation of laws which govern the EU’s member states. The EU has established a single market by formulating well defined laws. Under this system, most of the barriers which hinder trade between member states have been abolished. As a result, there is free movement of goods and services between member states. The most significant legislations are related to immigration, foreign investment, and foreign exchange. The EU has established a single currency for all its member states.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Political Economy of Great Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a member, of the European Union, Great Britain benefits in a number of ways. The concept of single market has made companies operating in EU member states to lower the prices of their products so as to become more competitive (DTI 3). This concept also makes its easier for companies from Great Britain to conduct business in other EU member states. In addition, the concept of single market ensures that no customs duty is paid on goods being exchanged between EU member states. Great Britain also benefits from th e policy of free movement of citizens between the EU member states. This policy allows Britons to live, study, work and travel to other EU member states. Statistics indicate since 1995 more than 100,000 students have studied in other EU member states (DTI 3). These statistics further indicate that close to 3.5 million jobs in Great Britain is a result of Great Britain’s EU membership (DTI 3). The only disadvantage of joining the EU is that a country might lose its sovereignty (DTI 3). However, the pros for joining the EU are much greater than the cons. Foreign Investment in Great Britain Great Britain boasts of a number of features which attract investors (Trade and Investment 1). First, any business that operates in Great Britain is guaranteed of fast, easy access to the European market. Secondly, Great Britain has close to 28 million skilled workers. As such, any business that operates in Great Britain is likely to get the right people for the job. Third, Great Britain has low utility costs. Fourth, Great Britain has established a regulatory environment that promotes growths and profits. Fifth, Great Britain has low corporate and personal taxation. Sixth, Great Britain is a center of world class research, design and development. On top of that, Great Britain has eliminated most barriers which hinder foreign investments. Conclusion In summary, Great Britain is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is ranked number four in Europe in terms of population density. A majority of the inhabitants of Great Britain are English making up 80 per cent of the present population. Great Britain has achieved economic prowess despite the fact that it has to import most of its raw materials. On top of that, Great Britain imports 40 percent of its food supply. The country’s economy relies heavily on the exportation of manufactured goods. Like other European nations, Great Britain was significantly affected by the global financial crisis. Great Bri tain started feeling the heat of global recession in January 2009. The Office of National Statistics announced that the GDP had fallen by 1.5 per cent during the final quarter of the financial year of 2008.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The hardest hit sectors include the banking, employment, and housing sectors. Great Britain boasts of a number of features which attract investors: a business that operates in Great Britain is guaranteed of fast, easy access to the European market, Great Britain has close to 28 million skilled workers, low utility costs, and low corporate and personal taxation. In addition, Great Britain has eliminated most barriers which hinder foreign investments. Works Cited Brown, Cooper. â€Å"The Global Economic Recession†. UK Times 15 Dec. 2010: 1-10. Print. Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). Implement – from Quality to Organisational Excellence. March 2008. Web. Edwards, Jehnan, and Fischer, Khan. Banks, Finance and Investiment in the UK. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Print. Evans, Joel. Decision processes, monitoring, incentives and large firm performance in the UK. Aberdeen: The Rober Gordon Univerity Press, 1995. Print. Gorton, Garry, and Schmid, Anthony. Universal banking and the performance of UK firms,Workingpaper. Pennsylvannia: University of Pennsylvannia Press, 1998. Print. Mallin, Claw. International Corporate Governace: A case Study Approach. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006. Print. Rahman, Saul. and Bullock, P. Relationships Between Soft TQM, Hard TQM, and Organisational Performance. March 2002. Web. Trade and Investment. Benefits of Investing in the UK. October 2012. Web. Vaitilingam, Romesh. Recession:Britain. London: ESRCPress, 2010. Print. Washington Post Press. â€Å"Great Britain†. The Washington Post 23 May 2008: 1-10. Web. This report on The Political Economy of Great Britain was written and submitted by user Esmeralda Hines to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Learning as Biological Brain Change essays

Learning as Biological Brain Change essays This is a summary of the article, Learning as Biological Brain Change, by Robert Leamnson. It describes dramatic developments in the activity of the brain through the biological process as it relates to learning and remembering. Leamnson raises the idea of new developments in brain research and learning that are rapidly advancing our conceptualization of the human brain (2). According to the author, the brain is powerfully shaped by genetics, development and experience that actively shape the nature of our memory, and culture in which we live (3). Leamnson states, brain and behavior research both suggest that things we remember are reconstructed in the brain at the instant of remembering, and then reconstructed again at each subsequent remembering (1). Memory is an essential element of learning. Learning physically changes the brain. There is no one area of the brain that is solely responsible for memory. Leamnson suggests, that memories are well distributed throughout the structure of the brain. Areas of the brain vary dramatically in their flexibility and their capability to create long-term memories (6). Leamnson goes on to refer to another authors study about the wiring of the brain. John Searle, proposed the idea that a blueprint of the brains wiring does not exist, and the paths that signals take to generate a memory is not known (3). With new research developments, a greater sense understanding of how the brain creates and retrieves memories, how emotions effect rational and ethnical decision making, and how t he brain is influenced by aging can be determined by the brain structure and function (2). Leamnson identifies this by stating, to remember one needs to reflect on new information and relate it to what is already known (4). Leamnson explains while brain connections are vulnerable to aging, neural networks have the potential to grow more sophisticated as we age, making th...

Online Resources for Cinderella Fairy Tales

Online Resources for Cinderella Fairy Tales What is it about the fairy tale Cinderella that is so appealing that there are versions in numerous cultures, and children beg their parents to read or tell the story just one more time? Depending on where and when you were brought up, your idea of Cinderella may be the Disney movie, the fairy tale in Grimms Fairy Tales, the classic fairy tale by Charles Perrault, upon which the Disney movie is based, or one of the other versions of Cinderella. To further confuse matters, calling a story a Cinderella story does not mean that the heroine is named Cinderella. While the names Ashpet, Tattercoats, and Catskins may be somewhat familiar to you, there seem to be as many different names for the main protagonist as there are different versions of the story. Elements of a Cinderella Story What exactly makes a story a Cinderella story? While there seem to be several interpretations of this, there also seems to be general agreement that you will usually find certain elements in a Cinderella story. The main character is generally, but not always, a girl who is badly treated by her family. Cinderella is a good and kind person, and her goodness is rewarded with magical assistance. She is recognized for her worth by something she has left behind (for example, a golden slipper). She is elevated in position by a royal person, who loves her for her good qualities. Story Variations As early as the late nineteenth century, variations of the story were being collected for publication. In 1891 The Folk-Lore Society in London published Marian Roalfe Coxs Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin, and Cap 0 Rushes, Abstracted and Tabulated, with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes. Professor Russell Pecks online Cinderella Bibliography will give you an idea of just how very many versions there are. The bibliography, which includes summaries for many of the stories, includes basic European texts, modern childrens editions and adaptations, including versions of the Cinderella story from around the world, as well as a great deal of other information. The Cinderella Project If youd like to compare some versions yourself, visit The Cinderella Project. It is a text and image archive, which contains a dozen English versions of Cinderella. According to the sites introduction, The Cinderellas presented here represent some of the more common varieties of the tale from the English-speaking world in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. Materials to construct this archive were drawn from the de Grummond Childrens Literature Research Collection at the University of Southern Mississippi. Another resource from the de Grummond Childrens Literature Research Collection is the table of Cinderella: Variations Multicultural Versions, which includes information about a great many versions from a variety of countries. More Cinderella Resources Cinderella Stories, from The Childrens Literature Web Guide, provides an excellent list of reference books, articles, picture books, and online resources. One of the most comprehensive childrens books Ive found is Judy Sierras Cinderella, which is part of The Oryx Multicultural Folktale Series. The books contain one- to nine-page versions of 25 Cinderella stories from different countries. The stories are good for reading aloud; there are no illustrations of the action, so your children will have to use their imaginations. The stories also work well in the classroom, and the author has included several pages of activities for children nine to fourteen years old. There is also a glossary and a bibliography as well as background information. The Cinderella page on the Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts site contains the texts of folktales and related stories from a variety of different countries about persecuted heroines. Cinderella or The Little Glass Slipper is an online version of the classic tale by Charles Perrault. If your kids or teens like fairy tale retelling with a twist, often humorous, see  Modern Fairy Tales for Teen Girls.

Thinking machine response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Thinking machine response - Essay Example According to Pinker, the mind works in a computational manner by processing representations in an algorithmic and rule controlled manner. Pinker notes that cognitive science has made it possible to study intelligence. It is difficult to define intelligence, but it is seeable. Intelligence is a measure of achieving goals under difficulties by undertaking sound decisions based on set rules. These set of rules provide a base for confirming or proving whether the decisions carried out are intelligent or not. Humans, according to Pinker, stand to learn a lot about the reasoning process and intelligence through computing machines. Intelligence gets derived from information and not from the spirit or a special substance. Pinker counters other definitions of intelligence forwarded by other thinkers such as those from the school of behaviorism who state that intelligence gets described in terms of desires and belief (Pinker 526). Pinker (536) uses the Turing machine to advance the computational theory of mind. He explains how a machine that can carry out rational thought can get built. The Turing machine processed symbols intelligently to provide data following set definitions, yet it was just an arrangement of gadgets. According to Pinker, the mind works in a similar way. The computational model of thinking states that the mind has representations, which it processes in a rule controlled and algorithmic way (Pinker 541). But it does not imply that the mind is similar to a machine. According to Pinker, unlike a single general purpose computer, the mind is a collection of computers which he refers to as ‘mental organs’. These ‘organs’ all carry out specialized subject matter, and each has its own learning mechanism. Pinker’s computational theory of mind offers selling points and others that can get argued as untrue. The first advantage is that it explains how a collection of matter such as the brain or computers can be intelligent. The

Human resources management. Personal Case Study Reflection Essay

Human resources management. Personal Case Study Reflection - Essay Example Instead of hiring another architect to succeed him, the position was united with that of the SMA in an affiliate mall. Since the current SMA with expanded duties held office in another mall and only remotely communicated with Robinsland, a ‘stand-in’ was assigned with whom he could coordinate. This was Edna, who worked as technical clerk in the leasing department, a marketing group. Leasing was a logical unit to relate with the mall architects because they dealt with tenants. As junior architect, Charles’ main job was to coordinate with the tenants and conduct inspections of their units, making sure that they met the mall standards for repair and refurbishing. As soon as Edna began her new function, friction erupted between her and Charles. Edna was heard fuming: ‘OMG, Charles, you are the reason for all my problems! You are the technical person, you should know this!’ When interviewed by the Group Manager (GM), Charles expressed that he was always stressed, and he and Edna had communication problems. Charles was demoralised and was thinking of resigning. However, the GM felt that he had great potential in the company, and wanted him to stay, also because architects were getting harder to recruit for mall operations. Issues and their causes The issues in this case are squarely within the sphere of human resources management and deal with how individuals behave in relation to each other in an organisation. There are three principal issues that surfaced. Staffing The first is the issue of staffing, which is broadly defined as â€Å"the process of determining human resource needs in an organisation and securing sufficient quanti ties of qualified people to fill those needs† (Caruth, et al., 2009, p. 2). Specifically in this case, the issue revolved around the assignment of duties on the basis of convenience, not capability. The facts showed that Edna acted as bridge the role of junior architect and SMA, yet was not an architect. Expanding the scope of duties of the other SMA over two malls was a mistake because the individual occupying that position cannot effectively discharge his duties particularly pertaining to Robinsland. Charles may be an architect, but as a junior he has no prerogative to decide matters that Edna knew nothing about. Organisations’ staffing policies should require that the individual possess the skills and knowledge to discharge the duties. Motivation The second issue is that of motivation, defined as â€Å"those psychological processes that cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed† (Mitchell, 1982, p. 81). In this d efinition, the meaning of â€Å"goal† is admitted even by experts to be ambiguous. One construct can mean â€Å"achievement goal† such as those encountered in a school or sports setting (Shah & Gardner, 2008, p. 238). In this case, however, while achievement goal may apply, it seems inadequate in explaining the cause of the conflict. Aside from the purpose of achieving the goals of their functions, Charles and Edna were also motivated by personal goals – for Charles, the fulfilment of his architectural interests, and for Edna, the need to be recognised as competent in her new job. Supervisory training It is noticeable that Edna’s designation as â€Å"technical clerk† is rank-and-file and not supervisory. A supervisor is one who is put in charge of rank-and-file personnel and is the first line of management in the organisation (McConnell, 2011). The supervisor’

Celebrities in the American Media Essays -- Celebrity

American Media: The Bliss of the Public or the Bane of Celebrities? Throughout history, the media has caught some of the most horrific scenes on camera. While it is great that these events were documented, one cannot help but wonder how much is too much when prying into the lives of public figures. Even celebrities need a time to grieve; yet that time seems limited when they are constantly being harassed by men with cameras trying to give the best account of the situation. Since the introduction of the television, and possibly before, news broadcasters have been concerned with one objective— relaying the most interesting and informative report of the breaking story, regardless of the effects of their curiosity. In most cases of tragedy, the media coverage makes the situation worse. There is a photograph by Elliott Erwitt of Jackie Kennedy at President Kennedy’s funeral, which really embodies the effects of broadcasting tragedies. In the picture, Mrs. Kennedy’s face seems frozen in a state of disbelief and grief as a man behind her stands unaffected with a microphone around his ear. Millions of Americans sat in front of their TV sets watching the funeral, and through all of this Mrs. Kennedy was barely able to relax and reflect since it was her duty to plan the whole procession. After the funeral, she still could not find the time to grieve. Because she was the first lady, Jackie Kennedy had an obligation to the public so â€Å"even under the greatest stress imaginable [the] widow was receiving the guests who had come to her husband’s funeral† (Mayo, 84). By being the wife of a public figure, she too feels the stress of being a celebrity. The media, as well as the members of the public have forced her to remain active... ... without creating a rivalry between them or false pretences against them. In an age when media is such a big part of Americans’ lives, it is necessary to take into account the effects that the stories will have on the people in them. Works Cited Baughman, Cynthia. Women on Ice: Feminist Responses to Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan Spectacle. New York, New York: Routledge, 1995. Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink. New York, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2005. Mayo, John B. Bulletin From Dallas: The President Is Dead. New York, New York: Exposition Press, 1967. Semple, Robert B., ed. Four Days in November. New York, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003. Triplett, William. â€Å"Alive†. American Journalism Review. October 1994. Questia. Questia Online Library. University of Miami. 28 September 2006. .

Method of Teaching

EFFECTIVE TEACHING METHODS AT HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL Dr. Shahida Sajjad Assistant Professor Department of Special Education University of Karachi. Pakistan ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various teaching methods used for teaching students at graduate level. Two hundred and twenty undergraduate students studying in 11 departments of Faculty of Arts, University of Karachi, were interviewed about their perceptions of best and effective teaching methods and the reason for that. Most of the students rated lecture method as the best teaching method.Reasons included; teacher provides all knowledge related to topic, time saving, students attentively listen lecture and take notes etc. The group discussion was rated as the second best method of teaching because of; more participation of students, the learning is more effective, the students don’t have to rely on rote learning, and this method develops creativity among students etc. Students†™ perception and ratings about the interesting and effective teaching methods is a way to suggest improvements in teaching/ learning process.Introduction: Teaching and learning are the two sides of a coin. The most accepted criterion for measuring good teaching is the amount of student learning that occurs. There are consistently high correlations between students’ ratings of the â€Å"amount learned† in the course and their overall ratings of the teacher and the course. Those who learned more gave their teachers higher ratings (Cohen, 1981; Theall and Franklin, 2001). This same criterion was also put forth by Thomas Angelo, when he said; â€Å"teaching in the absence of learning is just talking. Doyle. T. (n. d. ). A teacher’s effectiveness is again about student learning. The literature on teaching is crammed full of well researched ways that teachers can present content and skills that will enhance the opportunities for students to learn. It is equally fil led with suggestions of what not to do in the classroom. However, there is no rule book on which teaching methods match up best to which skills and/or content that is 1 2 being taught. Students often have little expertise in knowing if the ethod selected by an individual instructor was the best teaching method or just â€Å"a method† or simply the method with which the teacher was most comfortable. Doyle. T. (n. d). â€Å"Research indicates that students are the most qualified sources to report on the extent to which the learning experience was productive, informative, satisfying, or worthwhile. While opinions on these matters are not direct measures of instructor or course effectiveness, they are legitimate indicators of student satisfaction, and there is substantial research linking student satisfaction to effective teaching (Theall and Franklin, 2001). A meta-analysis of 41 research studies provides the strongest evidence for the validity of student ratings since these st udies investigated the relationship between student ratings and student learning. Doyle. T. (n. d. ) quoted Ory â€Å"The use of students’ ratings for evaluating teacher effectiveness is the single most researched issue in all of higher education. Over 2000 articles and books have been written on this topic over the past 70 years†.Research on student evaluation of teaching generally concludes that student ratings tend to be reliable, valid, relatively unbiased and useful (Murray, 1994). Most universities embrace a process by which students provide anonymous feedback at the end of each course they complete. These ratings of instructor effectiveness, these ratings have been a hot topic since they were first employed in mid 1920’s (Chang, 2001) and they create an enormous challenge for nearly every institution that uses them (Hoyt & Pallett, 1999).Over the years student evaluation of instructors has changed significantly especially in the areas of the purpose and m ethodology. They have transformed from being primarily used to assist students in the selection of courses, to helping faculty members further develop and improve their teaching skills, to assisting administrators with respect to personnel decisions (Ory, 2000). Today, student ratings of instruction are widely used for the purpose of making personnel decisions and faculty development recommendations (Scriven, 1995).For administrators, the information derived from ratings aids them in making both summative and formative judgments dealing with faculty retention, tenure, and promotion, hiring, selecting faculty for teaching awards and honors, and in assigning teachers to courses (Franklin, 2001; Kulik, 2001). Braskamp (2000) suggests that instructors use the data formatively to develop and improve their teaching effectiveness. Student-ratings are in 2 3 fact used in over 90 percent of all colleges and universities in the United States and represent the most frequently used strategy for evaluating instructors and courses (Cuseo, n. . ). There is much debate within the higher education community on how teaching or teaching effectiveness may be defined (Braskamp, and Ory; 1994). For instance, Centra (1993), defines effective teaching as â€Å"that which produces beneficial and purposeful student learning through the use of appropriate procedures† (p. 42), Braskamp and Ory, (1994, p. 40) include both teaching and learning in their definition, defining effective teaching as the â€Å"creation of situations in which appropriate learning occurs; shaping those situations is what successful teachers have learned to do effectively†.Many researchers have focused on whether or not students are legitimate judges of teaching effectiveness. Though caveats abound, the general sense is that students are both rational and reliable sources of evidence (Arreola, 1995; Braskamp & Ory, 1994; Pratt, 1997), While in class, students are exposed to all sorts of instructional experiences (lectures, instructional materials and aids, readings, exams). They are in effect experimental consumers—able to discern quality, relevance, usefulness, and instructor interaction with students (Montgomery, n. . ). As consumers, Cuseo (n. d. ) claims that students can judge what is taught and how it is taught, yet Braskamp & Ory (1994) claim that students can only provide information with respect to teaching. However, Ory (2001, p. 12) sums it up best stating: â€Å"unless they haven’t been to class, as consumers they have a legitimate voice†. Theall, M. (n. d. ) mentioned that the students can answer questions about the quality of lectures, the value of readings and assignments, the clarity of the instructor's explanations.Students are certainly qualified to express their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the experience. They have a right to express their opinions in any case, and no one else can report the extent to which the experience was use ful, productive, informative, satisfying, or worthwhile. Methodology Eleven departments were selected through purposive sampling from the Faculty of Arts, University of Karachi, including epartment of ; Special Education, Psychology, Social Work, Sociology, Mass Communication, Education, International Relations, English, Urdu, Persian, and Islamic learning. Twenty students studying at graduate level 3 4 from each department were selected through convenient sampling to seek their opinion about the most effective teaching methods (as perceived by them) used by their teachers, and the reasons for highly rating a particular teaching method.Total two hundred and twenty students were interviewed. They were asked to rate different methods of teaching used by their teachers on a scale of 1- 5, one being the least important and 5 being the most important teaching method. The results of the study were compiled and analyzed by percentage method. Objectives of the Study: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ To find out the various teaching methods used by university teachers to teach graduate students in different departments of Faculty of Arts.To explore the opinion of students about the teaching method they perceived as the most interesting and best teaching method. To find out the reasons for perceiving any teaching method as the interesting and best method. To provide suggestions for improving quality of teaching in the light of students perception and use of ratings Findings: Most of the students rated lecture method as the best teaching method. Reasons included; teacher provides all knowledge related to topic, it is time saving method; students listen lecture attentively and take notes etc.The group discussion was rated as the second best method of teaching because of; more participation of students, the learning is more effective, the students don’t have to rely on rote learning, and this method develops creativity among students etc. Students’ perception and ratings about the interesting and effective teaching methods is a way to suggest improvements in teaching/ learning process I. Rating of Various Teaching Methods: Rating was done on a scale of 1-5, 1 – being the least interesting and 5 being the most interesting teaching method as indicated in table 1. Teaching methodsRating No of 4 students 5 Table 1 1 N Lecture Group discussion Individual presentation Assignments Seminars Workshop Conferences Brainstorming Role play Case study 53 18 52 25 26 27 25 34 24% 08% 22% 11% 12% 12% 11% 16% 44 53 54 54 53 34 54 20% 24% 25% 25% 24% 16% 25% 26 12% 89 40% 34 16% 53 24% 53 24% 54 25% 27 12% 53 24% 53 24% 34 16% 54 25% 53 24% 35 16% 80 36% 80 36% 52 23% 44 20% 26 12% 26 12% 35 16% 53 24% 25 11% 34 16% 54 25% 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 34 34 % 16% 16% N 18 18 2 % 08% 08% N 00 3 % 00% N 4 % N 80 36 % 34 16% 5 % 220 220 88 40% 80 36% Total 54 24% 27 12% II.Reasons for rating various teaching methods as interesting and best teaching methods: 1. Lecture Method †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ It creates new ideas. It is good for large class. Teacher is experienced and has mastery on subject, explain all points and can answer all questions raised by students. Students can ask if they need any clarification. Learn through listening Teacher explains all points. Students give their input Teacher discuss whole topic in the class in easy language so students can easily understand the topic. It is good for large class. Teacher provides all knowledge related to topic.Time saving as teacher is supposed to finish lecture in time. Students give their views at the end of lecture. 5 6 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Students can ask question if they have any problem to understand lecture. Students attentively listen lecture and take notes as the teacher ask questions at the end of lecture. Students know and understand basic concepts. It creates new ideas. Teacher knows all the students so he/she can use suitable strategies for the class to make them understand. Teacher is experienced and has mastery on subject and can answer all questions by students.Teacher share information with students so it creates interest in students. Students are more involved and participate when teacher ask question. Teacher provides notes. Students easily understand every point. Students share knowledge with teacher. Teacher is role model for students. More participation of students. Students listen to other’s opinion ; express their opinion. Discuss with teachers the points that were missed during discussion. Students learn on their own ; find out key points. Students exchange their ideas. Students get point of view of all and not only those who always speak.After discussion when students give their presentation, teacher corrects their mistakes. Students can make their own notes. The learning is more effective. 2. Group discussion: 6 7 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ They don’t have to rely on rote learning. Develops creativity among students. It evokes thinking among students. Students have time for preparation of topic. Students should have material and knowledge before discussion. Suggestion Only those students participate who have confidence rest do not participate. Concepts become clear after discussion. Every student gives his/ her opinion. 3.Individual presentation †¢ Hamm (2008) quoted Rafe; â€Å"A presentation involves motivating listeners to accept a new idea, alter an existing opinion, or act on a given premise. † †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Students first thoroughly understand the topic before giving presentation i. e. mastery on topic. It increases confidence among students. Good way to learn for only one student who is presenting. Students search lot of books to collect material Teacher’s supervision is important It enhances the ability of research on any topic as the students search topic from different books, websites etc.Active learning Give Chance to meet other people of same profession. Motivate and make student active in learning. Interested method. Give Chance to meet other people of same profession. 5. Seminars 4. Assignment 6. Workshops 7 8 7. Conferences †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Give Chance to meet other people of same profession. Networking with other institutions and professionals. More interesting More informative Gain knowledge Learning is effective More participation of students Students give their opinion Active learning Creative thinking is encouraged. Students think beyond their knowledge.Every one gets the chance to express their thoughts. Simple topics can be learnt through different angles. Interesting method Creative thinking is encouraged. Students think beyond their knowledge. Students enjoy the situation Active learning Easy to learn Active learning Creative thinking is encouraged. Students think beyond their knowledge. 8. Brain storming 9. Role play 10. Case study Discussion: Making teaching methods more interesting 8 9 Higher education faculty strives to become more effective teachers so that students can learn better, and many explore methods to improve their teaching practice.Depending on the nature of subject, number of students, and the facilities available, there are different methods teachers are using in the classroom. Below are given various methods and certain tips and techniques for improving these methods. (Sajjad, S. 1997) Lecture Method: A lecture is a talk or verbal presentation given by a lecturer, trainer or speaker to an audience. With all the advancement of training systems and computer technology, lecture method is still a backbone widely used in teaching and training at higher level of education.This method is economical, can be used for a large number of students, material can be covered in a structured manner and the teacher has a great control of time and material. A study conducted by Benson, L. , Schroeder, P. , Lantz, C. , and Bird, M (n. d. ). provides evidence that students may place greater emphasis on lecture material than on textbooks. Lecturing is not simply a matter of standing in front of a class and reciting what you know. The classroom lecture is a special form of communication in which voice, gesture, movement, facial expression, and eye contact can either complement or detract from the content. Davis. 1993). McCarthy, P. (1992) in article â€Å"Common Teaching Methods† stated strengths of lecture method that it presents factual material in direct, logical manner, contains experienc e which inspires, stimulates thinking to open discussion, and useful for large groups. Our findings also revealed that most of the students considered lecture as best method because according to opinion of students ; it creates new ideas, it is good for large class, develops creativity among students, teacher is experienced and has mastery on subject, explain all points and can answer all questions by students.Sullivan ; McIntosh (1996) said that with planning and effective presentation techniques, the lecture can be a highly effective and interactive method for transferring knowledge to students. Lecture gives the pupils training in listening and taking rapid notes. (Kochhar. 2000, p. 345) Tips and techniques for improving lecture method †¢ Lecture material should be stimulating and thought provoking. 9 10 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Information should be delivered dramatically by using example to make it memorable. The teacher needs to use questions throughout the lecture to involve students in the learning process and to check their comprehension.Reinforce learning by using visual supports like transparencies, flip charts, whiteboard/ black board etc. Teacher should take feedback of students to improve lecture method. Discussion: It is a free verbal exchange of ideas between group members or teacher and students. For effective discussion the students should have prior knowledge and information about the topic to be discussed. McCarthy, P. (1992) stated strengths of class discussion as; pools ideas and experiences from group, and allows everyone to participate in an active process. Kochhar (2000, p. 47) stated that; a problem, an issue, a situation in which there is a difference of opinion, is suitable for discussion method of teaching. Our study also revealed that the students rated group discussion (class discussion) as the second best method by giving reasons that; it has more participation of students, the learning is more effective, the student s don’t have to rely on rote learning, every student give his/ her opinion, and this method develops creativity among students. Tips and techniques for improving discussion method †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The teacher should spend sufficient time in preparing the process and steps of discussion.Different aspects of the topic and the parameters should be selected for the focused discussion. Sufficient time should be allotted to discuss all the issues. At the same time students should know the time limit to reach a conclusion. The teacher in the beginning should introduce the topic, the purpose of discussion, and the students participating in discussion. Before the start of discussion, background information about the topic should be provided. There is a need to include questions to provide direction. Relaxed environment should be created to foster the process of discussion. 10 1 †¢ †¢ †¢ Teacher after opening the discussion should p lay the role of a facilitator involving every one and at the end should summarize the discussion. Encourage students listen other’s point of view and then evaluate their own. Teacher should give value to all students’ opinions and try not to allow his/her own difference of opinion, prevent communication and debate. Role Play: Role play occurs when participants take on differentiated roles in a simulation. These may be highly prescribed, including biographical details, and even personality, attitudes and beliefs; or loosely indicated by an outline of the function or task.These techniques have already demonstrated their applicability to a wide range of learners, subjects and levels. (Singh, and Sudarshan, 2005, p 238, 239). It is a memorable and enjoyable learning method. To gain maximum benefits from this method, the incidents selected for enactment should be as realistic as the situation allows. Tips and techniques Before the role play, the teacher should brief partici pants about the roles they will play, give them time for preparation, confirm confidentiality of role play, and ask participants to behave naturally. †¢ †¢ Teacher should select ; brief observers about their roles.During the role play, the teacher must keep quiet, listen ; take notes, avoid cutting role play short, but give time warning if previously agreed. The teacher should be prepared for some action if participants dry up and can intervene as a last resort. †¢ After the role play, the teacher thanks participants, ask for feed back from lead participants, take comments from observers, ask other participants to comment, †¢ The teacher should use role names not those of participants, summarize, drawing out learning points, leaving the participants with positive comments and feelings.Case Study: Primarily developed in business and law contexts, case method teaching can be productively used in liberal arts, engineering, and education. This method is basically use d to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as well as to 11 12 present students with real-life situations. The students are presented with a record set of circumstances based on actual event or an imaginary situation and they are asked: 1. to diagnose particular problem(s) only. 2. to diagnose problem(s) ; provide solution(s). 3. o give reasons ; implications of action after providing both problem ; solution. It is a time consuming method and sometimes the case does not actually provide real experience. It could be in-conclusive, and insufficient information can lead to inappropriate results. At the end, the students want to know the right answer by the teacher. The role of the teacher in conducting the case study should be to: †¢ †¢ †¢ read the case and determine the key problems faced by the decision maker, determine the data required to analyze the problems and or a synthesis into solutions, develop, analyze, and compare alternative solutions, and r ecommend a course of action. Tips and techniques †¢ †¢ Cases should be brief, well-written, reflect real issues, and open to a number of conflicting responses. Students should work in group to prepare a written report and/or a formal presentation of the case. Brainstorming: It is a loosely structured form of discussion for generating ideas without participants embroiled in unproductive analysis. It is a very useful technique for problem solving, decision making, creative thinking and team building.It develops listening skills. Tips and techniques Ground rules for running brainstorming session include: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ There should be no criticism and the wild ideas should be encouraged and recorded without evaluation. Emphasis should be placed on quantity of ideas and not the quality. There is a need of equal participation of members. It can be unfocused so teacher should know how to control discussion and facilitate issues. 12 13 †¢ It works well in sm all group Assignment method: Written assignments help in organization of knowledge, assimilation of facts and better preparation of examinations.It emphasizes on individual pupil work and the method that helps both teaching and learning processes (Kochhar, 2000, p. 358). Tips and techniques †¢ †¢ Teacher should describe the parameters of the topic of assignment. Fully explain assignments so that students know how to best prepare. When the inevitable question, â€Å"Will we be tested on this? † arises, make sure your answer includes not only a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no,† but a â€Å"because . . . â€Å". Shea, A. (2009). †¢ Davis (1993) suggests that â€Å"Give assignments and exams that recognize students' diverse backgrounds and special interests.For example, a faculty member teaching a course on medical and health training offered students a variety of topics for their term papers, including one on alternative healing belief systems. A faculty m ember in the social sciences gave students an assignment asking them to compare female-only, male-only, and male-female work groups. † Recommendations: †¢ To evaluate teaching effectiveness different methods can be used including: peer review, self-evaluation, teaching portfolios, student achievement and students’ ratings of teaching methods used by their teachers. †¢ †¢ †¢ Students must be assured that the information they are giving is welcomed by the faculty and will be used to improve the teaching and learning in the course; otherwise they are unlikely to take the rating process seriously (Doyle. T. n. d. ). Teachers need to educate students in effective ways of giving precise feedback that addresses specific aspects of their learning experience. Teachers need to continually assure students throughout the semester that the ratings will be used for productive changes in teaching/ learning process and that there will be no chance of retribution to the students.

Hydrogen Bond Examples in Chemistry

Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom undergoes dipole-dipole attraction to an electronegative atom. Usually, hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen and fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Sometimes the bonding is intramolecular, or between atoms of a molecule, rather than between atoms of separate molecules (intermolecular).   Examples of Hydrogen Bonds Here is a list of molecules that exhibit hydrogen bonding: water  (H2O): Water is  an excellent example of hydrogen bonding. The bond is between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of another water molecule, not between the two hydrogen atoms (a common misconception). How this works is that the polar nature of the water molecule means each hydrogen atom experiences attraction to both the oxygen its bound to and to the non-hydrogen side of the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. Hydrogen bonding in water results in the crystal structure of ice, making it less dense than water and able to float.chloroform  (CHCl3): Hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen of one molecule  and carbon of another molecule.ammonia (NH3): Hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen of one molecule and nitrogen of another. In the case of ammonia, the bond that forms is very weak because each nitrogen has one lone electron pair. This type of hydrogen bonding with nitrogen also occurs in methylamine.acetylacetone  (C5H8O2): Intramolecular   hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen and oxygen.DNA:  Hydrogen bonds form between base pairs. This gives DNA its double helix shape and makes replication of the strands possible, as they unzip along the hydrogen bonds.nylon:  Hydrogen bonds are found between the repeating units of the polymer.hydrofluoric acid (HF): Hydrofluoric acid forms what is called a symmetric hydrogen bond, which is stronger than the regular hydrogen bond. This type of bond also forms in formic acid.proteins:  Hydrogen bonds result in protein folding, which helps the molecule maintain stability and assume a functional configuration.polymers:  Polymers that contain carbonyl or amide groups can form hydrogen bonds. Examples include urea and polyurethane and the natural polymer cellulose. Hydrogen bonding in these molecules increases their tensile strength and melting point.alcohol:  Ethanol  and other alcohols contain hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and oxygen.